Digital IC design starts with a specification that captures required behavior, interfaces, performance targets, and system constraints. The specification acts as the reference model for chip planning, IP selection, new logic definition, functional partitioning, and communication across design groups. It also records important system-level decisions, such as external memory selection and operating frequency, where one choice can affect chip I/Os, board routing, clock inputs, software behavior, and performance expectations. Microarchitecture refines the specification into block-level structure. A major block from the specification becomes a set of smaller internal blocks, with defined datapaths, control logic, storage structures, interfaces, buses, and protocols. This level introduces implementation tradeoffs while keeping the required external behavior stable. Choices such as internal SRAM versus register arrays, multiple datapaths versus a single datapath, and area versus performance are evaluated inside the block boundary. RTL gives the microarchitecture a coded hardware form. Register Transfer Level modeling describes signal movement between registers and the operations perform...